Underwriters Laboratories (UL), a product safety certification organisation, is developing a Safety
Standard for LEDs used as light sources in luminaries designed for sale in the North American
market.
As a first step, UL recently released document UL 8750 entitled "Outline of Investigation for
LED Light Sources for Use in Lighting Products." This will be used as the main document within the
certification organisation for all investigations of the LED light sources used in UL-listed
lighting products.
All UL customers are able to download the Outline of Investigation (OOI) free of charge by
visiting UL’s standards portal at www.ULstandards.com.
Other users can purchase a copy of the OOI ($356 for the PDF file) at www.comm-2000.com.
During the first quarter of 2007, UL formed a balanced Standards Technical Panel (STP) to work
on the drafting and publishing of an ANSI Compliant LED standard, using UL’s OOI document as a
starting basis. The panel consists of all the stakeholders involved: manufacturers, testing and
standards organizations, supply chain, electrical and building code inspectors, government,
consumer, general interest, commercial / industrial users.
The purpose of UL's activities is that LEDs used in any type of lighting products achieve the
same levels of acceptance and consumer confidence as traditional lighting technologies.
Safety issues UL says that LED manufactures must consider the following three
important potential safety issues when designing their products:
Risk of shock: For this purpose, two kinds of applications are considered: LEDs
supplied by a Class 2 supply and those that are either line connected or otherwise connected to a
non-Class 2 supply. The first group does not present a shock hazard due to the voltage and current
limitation, while the second one will need to comply with standard insulation and accessibility
requirements. The only additional concern even for Class 2 supplies is for devices used in wet
location, which further limits the maximum open circuit voltage to 15 VAC or 30 VDC.
Risk of fire: Many different aspects will impact the performance of a fixture
(including, but not limited to: proximity between the LEDs, diffuser design and material, type of
enclosure, installation, etc.). While using a Class 2 power supply reduces the risk of fire by
limiting the available electrical energy, there is evidence that these systems may exceed 90
degrees C (the maximum permitted by the building code in the U.S. on combustible surfaces) due to
the thermal energy dissipated by the LED in converting electrical energy to light. Therefore, it is
necessary that LED luminaries are designed to take this into account and to undergo temperature
testing to ensure all components within the luminary and the outside surfaces are operating within
their specified temperature ratings.
Biological hazards: Issues like retinal damage and other health issues that could
arise from exposure to these light sources are always a concern, but currently there is not
conclusive research that proves that there is a significant risk involved with using this
technology. As with any light source, using a diffuser may mitigate personal injury risks from the
electromagnetic radiation it produces.
|
